Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics in the Modern Sedimentary Environment of Northern Jiaozhou Bay,China

The particle size distribution characteristics of sediments and the concentrations of heavy metals in Jiaozhou Bay were investigated in this study. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg and As were 36.88, 29.60, 82.08, 77.48, 0.083, 0.048 and 11.00 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations were highest in the eastern sediments, followed by those at the top of the bay, and the lowest concentrations were observed in the central region. Overall, a decreasing trend from the center of the bay to the periphery was observed. Additionally, the distribution of heavy metals in sediments was not completely controlled by sediment particle size. The degree of heavy metal contamination was evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and Hakanson’s method. The results revealed that the level of heavy metal pollution in the sediments was relatively low and that the main pollution elements were Cu and Hg. In addition, the sediments are associated with various levels of potential ecological risk due to the high pollution levels of Hg and Cd.     

The “pumpgate” incident: Stigma against lactating mothers in the U.S. workplace

ABSTRACT

Studies conclude that breastfeeding for six months is associated with better lifelong health for the mother and the child. Mothers in the U.S. returning to work after maternity leave report difficulty with the need to take frequent breaks to pump breastmilk so many stop breastfeeding. Factors discouraging pumping breastmilk in the workplace motivated a content analysis of public comments posted in response to a legal deposition that occurred in January of 2011 in which an attorney who was a new mother was challenged about taking a break to pump breastmilk. A total of 899 public comments posted on Yahoo in 2015–2016 in response to this earlier incident were analyzed for content. Of these, only 336 mentioned breastfeeding. Overall, 148 comments showed support for breastfeeding or pumping breastmilk at work, while 182 comments showed moderate to strong disapproval (six unclassified). The majority of disapproving comments were critical of pumping breastmilk in the workplace. Implications of these findings for the duration of breastfeeding after returning to work are discussed.     

英国药师职业发展体系介绍及启示

目的：调查英国药师职业发展体系、内容和特点,为完善我国执业药师职业发展体系提出建议。方法：通过文献研究和专家访谈的方式,收集近年来英国药师职业发展的各项资料,整理出英国药师管理部门、职业发展体系、教育培训内容和职业发展特点。并对照分析我国的药师职业发展情况。结果与结论：我国执业药师职业发展培训内容偏向理论,缺乏实用性;培训方式比较单一,对不同岗位、不同能力的执业药师没有针对性;执业药师职业发展认证机制不完善。应借鉴英国职业发展体系,从完善药师职业发展认证机制,促进职业发展多元化,尽早培养执业药师职业发展意识等方面来完善我国执业药师职业发展体系。     

Brain flexibility associated with need for cognition contributes to creative achievement

Advances in graph‐theoretic models of networks have made it possible to investigate the topological properties of the human brain across time and space. Brain flexibility is defined as the frequency with which brain regions switch between different functional modules over time and has been shown to correlate with higher‐order cognitive functions. Need for cognition (NFC) refers to a personality trait to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors and usually has a positive effect on diverse cognitive activities (e.g., creativity), which may also be closely related to brain flexibility. Here, we tested whether the flexibility of a large‐scale brain network associated with NFC facilitated creative achievement. Robust correlation analyses showed that NFC correlates with the flexibility of the insula, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the putamen at the node level. Several large‐scale brain networks whose flexibility also correlated with NFC, including the default mode network, salience network, subcortical network, ventral attention network, and control network, imply that higher NFC individuals may exhibit better cognitive abilities, such as executive control, salient detection, spontaneous thought, and motivation function. Interestingly, only global flexibility acted as a mediator in the relationship between NFC and creative achievement, suggesting that the mediating mechanism may involve an interaction between distinct regions or large‐scale networks across the entire brain instead of the functional characteristic of local regions. Together, we demonstrate that the higher NFC is, the more flexible the brain, which may provide a potential insight into the acquisition of creative achievement.     

Functional characterization of CEP250 variant identified in nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common manifestation of inherited retinal diseases with high degree of genetic, allelic, and phenotypic heterogeneity. CEP250 encodes the C‐Nap1 protein and has been associated with various retinal phenotypes. Here, we report the identification of a mutation (c.562C>T, p.R188*) in the CEP250 in a consanguineous family with nonsyndromic RP. To gain insights into the molecular pathomechanism underlying CEP250 defects and the functional relevance of CEP250 variants in humans, we conducted a functional characterization of CEP250 variant using a novel Cep250 knockin mouse line. Remarkably, the disruption of Cep250 resulted in severe impairment of retinal function and significant retinal morphological alterations. The homozygous knockin mice showed significantly reduced retinal thickness and ERG responses. This study not only broadens the spectrum of phenotypes associated with CEP250 mutations, but also, for the first time, elucidates the function of CEP250 in photoreceptors using a newly established animal model.     

益生菌防治小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的:探讨益生菌对小儿反复呼吸道感染(RRTIs)的防治效果及不良反应。 方法:选择 2014 年 1 月至 2016 年 1 月海南医学院第二附属医院门诊收治的 RRTIs 患儿 85 例,采用前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的方法分为益生菌组 43 例和安慰剂组42 例。 益生菌组给予益生菌片(每片重 0.5 g,含双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌均≥0.5×10^6 CFU)2 片,3 次/ 日,口服 3 个月;安慰剂组给予安慰剂(片剂外观、口味与益生菌片相同但无益生菌成分),用法同益生菌组。 治疗后两组患儿均随访观察 12 个月,并详细记录两组患儿治疗前后的呼吸道感染次数、抗生素使用及咳嗽、发热、患病天数和药物不良反应等情况。 结果:疗程结束后随访 12 个月,益生菌组与安慰剂组年呼吸道感染次数分别为(3.8±1.6)次、(7.3±1.8)次,抗生素使用时间分别为(12.1±5.6)d、(22.6±7.1)d,咳嗽时间分别为(11.6±4.6)d、(20.3±6.7)d,发热时间分别为(6.4±2.3)d、(13.5±4.2)d,患病时间分别为(13.2±6.0)d、(23.4±7.8)d,两组患儿比较差异均有统计学意义(P 均<0.05)。 两组患儿均未见明显药物不良反应。 结论:益生菌防治小儿 RRTIs 具有较高的安全性,可以减少呼吸道感染次数,减少抗生素使用、咳嗽、发热和患病天数。     

《伤寒论》两英文译本翻译方法的对此分析

选取在国内外影响较广的两个《伤寒论》的英文译本,摘取其中较具代表性的句式进行比较和分析,希望对中医典籍的翻译工作带来帮助和启发.     

Early loading of ITI implants supporting maxillary fixed full-arch prostheses

Objective: To evaluate the predictability of the early‐loaded sand‐blasted, large‐grit and acid‐etched (SLA) implants supporting maxillary‐fixed full‐arch prostheses. Material and methods: Ninety‐one ITI SLA implants were placed in 12 edentulous maxillae. The impressions were taken at 4 weeks post‐surgery. The abutments were tightened and the final fixed prostheses were cemented at 6 weeks after implant placement. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was conducted on the day of the surgery, at 4 and 6 weeks post‐surgery. Panoramic radiographs were taken immediately after surgery, at 4 weeks post‐surgery, immediately after prostheses attachment (baseline) and at the yearly follow‐ups. Results: The survival rate of implants was 98.90%. The success rate of prostheses was 100% during the follow‐ups. The radiographic result showed no radiolucency around the implants and the marginal bone level revealed no significant resorption compared with the baseline. The marginal bone level remained coronally beyond the first thread. The RFA results revealed Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values of 63.44±4.32, 57.14±4.25 and 66.43±3.78 for the three time points. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that early loading of ITI implants supporting maxillary fixed full‐arch prostheses should be predictable.     

热处理对磁性附着体固位力的影响

目的:研究热处理对磁性附着体固位力的影响。方法:磁性附着体Magfit EX 400W型、Magfit EX 600 W型和Magfit EX 800W型各10个试件,通过模具固定在万能力学试验机的测试台上,测试其固位力,然后将磁性附着体经过水浴热处理,再次进行固位力测试。采用SPSS11.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:磁性附着体Magfit EX400W型、Magfit EX 600W型和Magfit EX 800W型的初始固位力测量值分别为(1.64±0.11)N、(2.67±0.19)N和(3.02±0.25)N;经热处理后,其固位力测量值分别为(1.58±0.12)N、(2.65±0.14)N和(3.02±0.24)N。热处理前、后,其固位力无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:磁性附着体的磁体部分可进行水浴热处理以减少单体,而其固位力无显著改变。     

超声根管预备和根管封闭剂对根尖微渗漏的影响

目的 了解超声根管预备和根管封闭剂对根管治疗后根尖微渗漏的影响。方法 将79颗离体牙随机分为5个实验组和2个对照组。实验组分别用超声波，回旋手机和手法备根后分别用AH plus^TM，根充I号，氧化锌糊剂作根管封闭剂并用牙胶法作侧压充填。用2％亚甲蓝浸泡1周后纵剖牙体，体视镜下观测染料渗透长度。数据行统计学分析。结果 三种备根方法中，超声备根组根尖微渗漏最少。三种根管封闭剂中，AH plus^TM组微渗漏最少。结论 超声根管预备后根充术，同时采用AH plus^TM根管封闭剂，能有效地减少根充术后微渗漏，提高根管治疗效果。